<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">My $.02, as a long time dump fan is:</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Dump both 0 and incremental is "logically easy" because dump, although it needs a quiescent file system for a good copy, can also handle multi-volume save sets - you just keep feeding it media when they're full.</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">This doesn't stop you taking a dump of an active filesystem, you just play a game of chance that the files you need are complete and coherent when you restore. </font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Hopefully, if cronned, you wouldn't expect all the same files to be corrupt at the same time, from night to night - but I guess it depends how scheduled you are on your machine?</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">As it's not a random access backup, filesystem limits don't apply - it does saves "block by block", and so talks to the raw interface of the destination device.</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">i.e. if using a tape drive, you'd have to use the "no rewind" device as the target to get more than one dump on a tape.</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Dump is aware of the filesystem it's working on and doesn't save any of the "surplus", but does faithfully keep an image of the data on the f/s, including links etc.</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">When restoring, you can select to do it interactively - in which case you get a dump prompt and can go up and down your fs to add only the files you like, but if you want to do a full restore, it's the reverse of a save - just keep feeding media.</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Incrementals work off the latest dump 0 date stored ( or at least it used to be... ;-) in /etc/dumpdates which is how it computes its' idea of which files to back up - it's a bit like an RDMS checkpoint.</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Same with restoring from incrementals - you feed it the last dump 0, then 1, then 2, then..... until you get to the last one you did and then you have the complete image since the last dump 0 on disk.</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">And ( for me, at least ) the great joy of dump is it's a "small and stupid" utility.</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">It does one thing well and has few complications, so when it goes off its' task you get an error, which is often ( but not always.. ) reasonably meaningful.</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">For tar/cpio, you have to jump through hoops to get it to "just get a clean image" with loads of switches and obscure gotchas, because tar is really for file data - not making sure the files you want are coherent, and cpio is for blocks, not structured data.</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">For me, if I want a backup of a filesystem, I'd use dump - but as you've alluded to, not REALLY for / , mostly /usr, /home and /var.</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">And I have to say that when I started using journalled filesystems, life became easier 'cos I could bring the fs back on line and have the backups go over into the working day without having people scream - like on VAXes.</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Joy! ;-)</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">HTH,</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">Regards,</font>
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<br><font size=2 face="sans-serif">tom.</font>
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Tom Cleary - Security Architect<br>
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CSC Perth<br>
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"In IT, acceptable solutions depend upon humans - Computers don't negotiate."<br>
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